產(chǎn)品詳情
可見，隨著角θ的變化，每個柱塞產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩是變化的，液壓馬達(dá)對外輸出的總的轉(zhuǎn)矩也是脈動的。
從工作原理上講，相同形式的液壓泵和液壓馬達(dá)是可以相互代換的。但是，一般情況下未經(jīng)改進(jìn)的液壓泵不宜用作液壓馬達(dá)。這是因?yàn)榭紤]到壓力平衡、間隙密封的自動補(bǔ)償?shù)纫蛩?，液壓泵吸、排油腔的結(jié)構(gòu)多是不對稱的，只能單方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。但作為液壓馬達(dá)，通常要求正、反向旋轉(zhuǎn)，要求結(jié)構(gòu)對稱。
液壓馬達(dá)的工作原理
1.葉片式液壓馬達(dá) 由于壓力油作用，受力不平衡使轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩。葉片式液壓馬達(dá)的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩與液壓馬達(dá)的排量和液壓馬達(dá)進(jìn)出油口之間的壓力差有關(guān)，其轉(zhuǎn)速由輸入液壓馬達(dá)的流量大小來決定。由于液壓馬達(dá)一般都要求能正反轉(zhuǎn)，所以葉片式液壓馬達(dá)的葉片要徑向放置。為了使葉片根部始終通有壓力油，在回、壓油腔通人葉片根部的通路上應(yīng)設(shè)置單向閥，為了確保葉片式液壓馬達(dá)在壓力油通人后能正常啟動，必須使葉片頂部和定子內(nèi)表面緊密接觸，以保證良好的密封，因此在葉片根部應(yīng)設(shè)置預(yù)緊彈簧。 葉片式液壓馬達(dá)體積小，轉(zhuǎn)動慣量小，動作靈敏，可適用于換向頻率較高的場合，但泄漏量較大，低速工作時不穩(wěn)定。因此葉片式液壓馬達(dá)一般用于轉(zhuǎn)速高、轉(zhuǎn)矩小和動作要求靈敏的場合。
2.徑向柱塞式液壓馬達(dá) 徑向柱塞式液壓馬達(dá)工作原理，當(dāng)壓力油經(jīng)固定的配油軸4的窗口進(jìn)入缸體內(nèi)柱塞的底部時，柱塞向外伸出，緊緊頂住定子的內(nèi)壁，由于定子與缸體存在一偏心距。在柱塞與定子接觸處，定子對柱塞的反作用力為 。力可分解為 和 兩個分力。當(dāng)作用在柱塞底部的油液壓力為ｐ，柱塞直徑為ｄ，力和之間的夾角為 X時，力對缸體產(chǎn)生一轉(zhuǎn)矩，使缸體旋轉(zhuǎn)。缸體再通過端面連接的傳動軸向外輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速。 以上分析的一個柱塞產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩的情況，由于在壓油區(qū)作用有好幾個柱塞，在這些柱塞上所產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩都使缸體旋轉(zhuǎn)，并輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩。徑向柱塞液壓馬達(dá)多用于低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩的情況下。
3.軸向柱塞馬達(dá) 軸向柱塞泵除閥式配流外，其它形式原則上都可以作為液壓馬達(dá)用，即軸向柱塞泵和軸向柱塞馬達(dá)是可逆的。軸向柱塞馬達(dá)的工作原理為，配油盤和斜盤固定不動，馬達(dá)軸與缸體相連接一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)壓力油經(jīng)配油盤的窗口進(jìn)入缸體的柱塞孔時，柱塞在壓力油作用下外伸，緊貼斜盤斜盤對柱塞產(chǎn)生一個法向反力ｐ，此力可分解為軸向分力及和垂直分力Q。Q與柱塞上液壓力相平衡，而Q則使柱塞對缸體中心產(chǎn)生一個轉(zhuǎn)矩，帶動馬達(dá)軸逆時針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。軸向柱塞馬達(dá)產(chǎn)生的瞬時總轉(zhuǎn)矩是脈動的。若改變馬達(dá)壓力油輸入方向，則馬達(dá)軸按順時針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。斜盤傾角ａ的改變、即排量的變化，不僅影響馬達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)矩，而且影響它的轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)向。斜盤傾角越大，產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩越大，轉(zhuǎn)速越低。
4．齒輪液壓馬達(dá) 齒輪馬達(dá)在結(jié)構(gòu)上為了適應(yīng)正反轉(zhuǎn)要求，進(jìn)出油口相等、具有對稱性、有單獨(dú)外泄油口將軸承部分的泄漏油引出殼體外；為了減少啟動摩擦力矩，采用滾動軸承；為了減少轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動齒輪液壓馬達(dá)的齒數(shù)比泵的齒數(shù)要多。 齒輪液壓馬達(dá)由干密封性差，容租效率較低，輸入油壓力不能過高，不能產(chǎn)生較大轉(zhuǎn)矩。并且瞬間轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩隨著嚙合點(diǎn)的位置變化而變化，因此齒輪液壓馬達(dá)僅適合于高速小轉(zhuǎn)矩的場合。一般用干工程機(jī)械、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械以及對轉(zhuǎn)矩均勻性要求不高的機(jī)械設(shè)備上
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CALZONI馬達(dá)，CALZONI液壓馬達(dá)
